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Английский - I.B. Horner |
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2. Khuddānukhuddakasikkhāpadakathā
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On the lesser and minor training rules
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441. Atha kho āyasmā ānando there bhikkhū etadavoca – "bhagavā maṃ, bhante, parinibbānakāle evamāha – 'ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, saṅgho mamaccayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhaneyyā"'ti.
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Then the venerable Ānanda spoke thus to the monks who were elders: “The Lord, honoured sirs, spoke thus to me at the time of his attaining nibbāna: ‘If the Order, Ānanda, after my death is willing, the lesser and minor rules of training may be abolished’. ”
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"Pucchi pana tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bhagavantaṃ – 'katamāni pana, bhante, khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī"'ti?
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“But did you, reverend Ānanda, ask the Lord, saying: ‘But which, Lord, are the lesser and minor rules of training? ’”
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"Na khohaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ pucchiṃ – 'katamāni pana, bhante, khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī"ti.
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“No, I, honoured sirs, did not ask the Lord, saying: ‘But which, Lord, are the lesser and minor rules of training? ’”
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Ekacce therā evamāhaṃsu – "cattāri pārājikāni ṭhapetvā, avasesāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī"ti.
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Some elders spoke thus: “Except for the rules for the four offences involving defeat, the rest are lesser and minor rules of training.
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Ekacce therā evamāhaṃsu – "cattāri pārājikāni ṭhapetvā, terasa saṅghādisese ṭhapetvā, avasesāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī"ti.
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” Some elders spoke thus: “Except for the rules for the four offences involving defeat, except for the rules for the thirteen offences entailing a Formal Meeting of the Order, the rest are lesser and minor rules of training.
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Ekacce therā evamāhaṃsu – "cattāri pārājikāni ṭhapetvā, terasa saṅghādisese ṭhapetvā, dve aniyate ṭhapetvā, avasesāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī"ti.
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” Some elders spoke thus: “Except for the rules for the four offences involving defeat … except for the rules for the two undetermined offences, the rest are lesser and minor rules of training.
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Ekacce therā evamāhaṃsu – "cattāri pārājikāni ṭhapetvā, terasa saṅghādisese ṭhapetvā, dve aniyate ṭhapetvā, tiṃsa nissaggiye pācittiye ṭhapetvā, avasesāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī"ti.
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” Some elders spoke thus: “Except for the rules for the four offences involving defeat … except for the rules for the thirty offences of expiation involving forfeiture, the rest are lesser and minor rules of training.
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Ekacce therā evamāhaṃsu – "cattāri pārājikāni ṭhapetvā, terasa saṅghādisese ṭhapetvā, dve aniyate ṭhapetvā, tiṃsa nissaggiye pācittiye ṭhapetvā, dvenavuti pācittiye ṭhapetvā, avasesāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī"ti.
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” Some elders spoke thus: “Except for the rules for the four offences involving defeat … except for the rules for the ninety-two offences of expiation, the rest are lesser and minor rules of training.
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Ekacce therā evamāhaṃsu – "cattāri pārājikāni ṭhapetvā, terasa saṅghādisese ṭhapetvā, dve aniyate ṭhapetvā, tiṃsa nissaggiye pācittiye ṭhapetvā, dvenavuti pācittiye ṭhapetvā, cattāro pāṭidesanīye ṭhapetvā, avasesāni khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī"ti.
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” Some elders spoke thus: “Except for the rules for the four offences involving defeat … except for the rules for the four offences which ought to be confessed, the rest are lesser and minor rules of training. ”
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442. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –
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Then the venerable Kassapa the Great informed the Order, saying:
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"Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho.
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“Your reverences, let the Order listen to me.
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Santamhākaṃ sikkhāpadāni gihigatāni.
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There are rules of training for us which affect householders,
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Gihinopi jānanti – 'idaṃ vo samaṇānaṃ sakyaputtiyānaṃ kappati, idaṃ vo na kappatī'ti.
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and householders know concerning us: ‘This is certainly allowable for the recluses, sons of the Sakyans, this is certainly not allowable.
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Sace mayaṃ khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanissāma, bhavissanti vattāro – 'dhūmakālikaṃ samaṇena gotamena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ.
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’ If we were to abolish the lesser and minor rules of training there would be those who would say: ‘At the time of his cremation a rule of training had been laid down by the recluse Gotama for disciples;
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Yāvimesaṃ satthā aṭṭhāsi tāvime sikkhāpadesu sikkhiṃsu.
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while the Teacher was amongst them these trained themselves in the rules of training,
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Yato imesaṃ satthā parinibbuto, na dānime sikkhāpadesu sikkhantī'ti.
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but since the Teacher has attained nibbāna among them, they do not now train themselves in the rules of training.
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Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho appaññattaṃ nappaññapeyya, paññattaṃ na samucchindeyya, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vatteyya.
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’ If it seems right to the Order, the Order should not lay down what has not been laid down, nor should it abolish what has been laid down. It should proceed in conformity with and according to the rules of training that have been laid down.
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Esā ñatti.
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This is the motion.
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"Suṇātu me, āvuso, saṅgho.
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Your reverences, let the Order listen to me.
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Santamhākaṃ sikkhāpadāni gihigatāni.
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There are rules of training for us … ‘
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Gihinopi jānanti – 'idaṃ vo samaṇānaṃ sakyaputtiyānaṃ kappati, idaṃ vo na kappatī'ti.
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Sace mayaṃ khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanissāma, bhavissanti vattāro – 'dhūmakālikaṃ samaṇena gotamena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ.
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Yāvimesaṃ satthā aṭṭhāsi tāvime sikkhāpadesu sikkhiṃsu.
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Yato imesaṃ satthā parinibbuto, na dānime sikkhāpadesu sikkhantī'ti.
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… these do not now train themselves in the rules of training.
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Saṅgho appaññattaṃ nappaññapeti, paññattaṃ na samucchindati, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattati.
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’ The Order is not laying down what has not been laid down, nor is it abolishing what has been laid down. It is proceeding in conformity with and according to the rules of training that have been laid down.
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Yassāyasmato khamati appaññattassa appaññāpanā, paññattassa asamucchedo, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattanā, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
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If the not laying down of what has not been laid down, if the not abolishing of what has been laid down, if the proceeding in conformity with and according to the rules of training that have been laid down are pleasing to the venerable ones, they should be silent; he to whom they are not pleasing should speak.
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"Saṅgho appaññattaṃ nappaññapeti, paññattaṃ na samucchindati, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattati.
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The Order is not laying down what has not been laid down, it is not abolishing what has been laid down, it is proceeding in conformity with and according to the rules of training that have been laid down.
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Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī"ti.
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It is pleasing to the Order, therefore it is silent. Thus do I understand this. ”
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443. Atha kho therā bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavocuṃ – "idaṃ te, āvuso ānanda, dukkaṭaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ bhagavantaṃ na pucchi – 'katamāni pana, bhante, khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī'ti.
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Then the monks who were elders spoke thus to the venerable Ānanda: “This, reverend Ānanda, is an offence of wrong-doing for you, in that you did not ask the Lord, saying: ‘But which, Lord, are the lesser and minor rules of training?
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Desehi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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’ Confess that offence of wrong-doing. ”
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"Ahaṃ kho, bhante, assatiyā bhagavantaṃ na pucchiṃ – 'katamāni pana, bhante, khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadānī'ti.
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“I, honoured sirs, out of unmindfulness, did not ask the Lord, saying: ‘But which, Lord, are the lesser and minor rules of training?
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Nāhaṃ taṃ dukkaṭaṃ passāmi, api cāyasmantānaṃ saddhāya desemi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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’ I do not see that as an offence of wrong-doing, yet even out of faith in the venerable ones I confess that as an offence of wrong-doing. ”
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"Idampi te, āvuso ānanda, dukkaṭaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ bhagavato vassikasāṭikaṃ akkamitvā sibbesi.
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“This too is an offence of wrong-doing for you, reverend Ānanda, in that you sewed the Lord’s cloth for the rains after having stepped on it.
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Desehi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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Confess that offence of wrong-doing. ”
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"Ahaṃ kho, bhante, na agāravena bhagavato vassikasāṭikaṃ akkamitvā sibbesiṃ.
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“But I, honoured sirs, not out of disrespect, sewed the Lord’s cloth for the rains after having stepped on it.
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Nāhaṃ taṃ dukkaṭaṃ passāmi, api cāyasmantānaṃ saddhāya desemi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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I do not see … but even out of faith in the venerable ones I confess that as an offence of wrong-doing. ”
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"Idampi te, āvuso ānanda, dukkaṭaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ mātugāmehi bhagavato sarīraṃ paṭhamaṃ vandāpesi, tāsaṃ rodantīnaṃ bhagavato sarīraṃ assukena makkhitaṃ.
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“This too is an offence of wrong-doing for you, reverend Ānanda, in that you had the Lord’s body first of all honoured by women; because these were weeping, the Lord’s body was defiled by tears.
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Desehi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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Confess that offence of wrong-doing. ”
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Ahaṃ kho, bhante – māyimāsaṃ [māyimā (sī. syā.)] vikāle ahesunti – mātugāmehi bhagavato sarīraṃ paṭhamaṃ vandāpesiṃ.
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“But I, honoured sirs, thinking: ‘Do not let these be (here) at a wrong time,’ had the Lord’s body honoured first of all by women.
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Nāhaṃ taṃ dukkaṭaṃ passāmi, api cāyasmantānaṃ saddhāya desemi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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I do not see that as an offence of wrong-doing … but even out of faith …”
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"Idampi te, āvuso ānanda, dukkaṭaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ bhagavatā oḷārike nimitte kayiramāne, oḷārike obhāse kayiramāne, na bhagavantaṃ yāci – 'tiṭṭhatu bhagavā kappaṃ, tiṭṭhatu sugato kappaṃ, bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna'nti.
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“This too is an offence of wrong-doing for you, reverend Ānanda, in that you, (although) a broad hint was being given, a palpable sign was being made, did not ask the Lord, saying: ‘Let the Lord remain for a (full) lifespan, let the well-farer remain for a (full) lifespan for the welfare of the many-folk, for the happiness of the many-folk, out of compassion for the world, for the good, the welfare, the happiness of devas and mankind.
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Desehi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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’ Confess that offence of wrong-doing. ”
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"Ahaṃ kho, bhante, mārena pariyuṭṭhitacitto na bhagavantaṃ yāciṃ – 'tiṭṭhatu bhagavā kappaṃ, tiṭṭhatu sugato kappaṃ, bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna'nti.
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“But I, honoured sirs, because my mind was obsessed with Māra, did not ask the Lord, saying: ‘Let the Lord remain … the happiness of devas and mankind.
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Nāhaṃ taṃ dukkaṭaṃ passāmi, api cāyasmantānaṃ saddhāya desemi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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’ I do not see … out of faith …”
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"Idampi te, āvuso ānanda, dukkaṭaṃ yaṃ tvaṃ mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye pabbajjaṃ ussukkaṃ akāsi.
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“This too is an offence of wrong-doing for you, reverend Ānanda, in that you made an effort for the going forth of women in the dhamma and discipline proclaimed by the Truth-finder.
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Desehi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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Confess this offence of wrong-doing. ”
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"Ahaṃ kho, bhante, ayaṃ mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavato mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā bhagavantaṃ janettiyā kālaṅkatāya thaññaṃ pāyesīti mātugāmassa tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye pabbajjaṃ ussukkaṃ akāsiṃ.
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“But I, honoured sirs, made an effort for the going forth of women in the dhamma and discipline proclaimed by the Truth-finder, thinking: ‘This Gotamid, Pajāpatī the Great, is the Lord’s aunt, foster-mother, nurse, giver of milk, for when the Lord’s mother passed away, she suckled him.
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Nāhaṃ taṃ dukkaṭaṃ passāmi, api cāyasmantānaṃ saddhāya desemi taṃ dukkaṭa"nti.
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’ I do not see that as an offence of wrong-doing, but even out of faith in the venerable ones I confess that as an offence of wrong-doing. ”
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444. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā purāṇo dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi.
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Now at that time the venerable Purāṇa was walking on almstour in the Southern Hills together with a large Order of monks, with at least five hundred monks.
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Atha kho āyasmā purāṇo therehi bhikkhūhi dhamme ca vinaye ca saṅgīte dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ yena veḷuvanaṃ kalandakanivāpo yena therā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā therehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammoditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
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Then the venerable Purāṇa, having stayed in the Southern Hills for as long as he found suiting, after the monks who were elders had chanted dhamma and discipline , approached Rājagaha, the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding place, and the monks who were elders; having approached, having exchanged friendly greetings with the monks who were elders, he sat down at a respectful distance.
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Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ purāṇaṃ therā bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – "therehi, āvuso purāṇa, dhammo ca vinayo ca saṅgīto.
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The monks who were elders spoke thus to the venerable Purāṇa as he was sitting down at a respectful distance: “Reverend Purāṇa, dhamma and discipline have been chanted by monks who are elders.
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Upehi taṃ saṅgīti"nti.
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Submit yourself to this chanting. ”
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"Susaṅgītāvuso, therehi dhammo ca vinayo ca.
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“Your reverences, well chanted by the elders are dhamma and discipline,
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Apica yatheva mayā bhagavato sammukhā sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ, tathevāhaṃ dhāressāmī"ti.
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but in that way that I heard it in the Lord’s presence, that I received it in his presence, in that same way will I bear it in mind.”
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